why is very import do the soil fumigation
Soil fumigation can help farmers to improve and maintain healthy crop soil. Healthy soil provides nutrients, water, and oxygen to the plants. However, soil can also harbor harmful pests and pathogens that can reduce crop quality and yield. For example, nematodes, fungi, bacteria, insects, and weeds. These soil-borne threats can damage the roots, stems, leaves, and plant’s fruit, and sometimes even kill them.
One way to deal with these soil problems is to use soil fumigation. Fumigation is a pre-plant treatment process that prepares the soil before planting. It does so by managing pests and other harmful organisms that could disrupt or prevent growth. Soil fumigation involves the use of special chemicals called soil fumigants that transform from a liquid to a gas. The gas then travels through the soil and kills or reduces the population of pests and pathogens. This improves the condition of the soil for planting and gives the crops a better chance to thrive.
Soil fumigation is especially useful for high-value crops that are sensitive to soil-borne diseases and nematodes. Permanent crops such as almonds, pistachios, cherries, grapes etc. And produce crops such as strawberries, tomatoes, potatoes, carrots, peppers, lettuce etc. Soil fumigation can also help with crop rotation, by eliminating pests and pathogens that could affect different crop types.
Preparation before soil fumigation
Getting the ground ready for fumigation is as critical as choosing the right chemical. First, work the soil—disk, rip and roll—so every shovelful feels the same; clods and hollow pockets can stop the gas from spreading evenly. Next, dial in moisture: the profile should be damp enough to carry the vapor, yet dry enough on the surface so it doesn’t trap the gas like a lid. Finally, check the thermometer. Most fumigants perform best when the soil sits between 10 – 27 °C; outside that window, the treatment can fizzle out or linger too long.
How the Product Reaches the Soil
• Whole-Field Delivery
A tractor-drawn boom or injector treats every square foot, ideal for large blocks where pests are evenly distributed.
• Bed-Top Delivery
Fumigant is laid only on the raised beds—via bed-shapers or side-dress injectors—perfect for small plots or crops that need pinpoint placement.
• Drip-Line Delivery
Chemical is metered directly into buried or surface drip tubes, matching odd-shaped blocks or sloping ground already served by drip irrigation.
After any of the above, a plastic tarp is stretched over the treated zone. The film slows gas loss, lengthens exposure time, and boosts kill rates; it is removed later according to label days and prevailing weather.
Post-Fumigation Hold Time
Once the fumigant is in the ground—and the plastic is on or off—the clock starts. During this mandatory pause the gas must:
• sweep through the soil profile to knock down pests and pathogens, and
• break down into inert, plant-safe compounds so seedlings and workers aren’t exposed.
How long is the pause? It’s a sliding scale: the specific fumigant, the way it was applied, soil temperature, moisture, and the crop’s own sensitivity all set the timeline. Growers may be sidelined for a handful of days—or several weeks—before the soil is officially cleared for seeding or transplanting.
1,3-Dichloropropene (1,3-D) starts as a transparent liquid, but the moment it meets soil it volatilizes into an invisible gas. Its main job is to wipe out plant-parasitic nematodes—root-knot, cyst and lesion species in particular—while also taking down certain fungi, bacteria, insects and weeds. To stretch its reach and cut the rate needed, 1,3-D is routinely paired with chloropicrin or other fumigants in a single pass.
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